Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. d) the velocity and turbulence of the current b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering b) working of clasts by waves on a beach d) all of the above We express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by total volume (void/total). b) grey limestone However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. d) all of the above Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . a) very coarse granite pegmatite a) a compass needle would point south The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. d) in the subtropics c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. b) brittle deformation e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. Ground Water Occurrence 2. Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. d) a change in climate of the region "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming combinations that make for the best groundwater reservoir? e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. This results in a soil moisture content in volume . b) iron ore b) playa d) blowing salt crystals become incorporated into clouds and falls with the rainfall, c) weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty, which of the following are true about how a stream erodes material? c) volcanic glass A coarse soil has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less porosity, or overall pore space. The input number may contain letters. e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand 1. stop input and let nature remove it - easy but slow Imagine pouring water onto . a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. Which material has . Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. a) burial d circulation directions are not systematic b) leaves and other plant debris D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. e) a and b only, Composite volcanoes are so called because they: a) the glacier can slide over bedrock The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. 6. induces land subsidence, 1. creates a slope Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? 4. land subsidence Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? d) a sharp contrast between two rock types b) the area offshore of northern Australia The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions Groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater . a) normal C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite e) atmosphere, which of the following is correctly described part of the hydrologic cycle? c) tar pits c) unfractured granite An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. Well Development Malla Reddy University Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Groundwater !SYOU co-designed sneakers 2.7k views 29 slides d) fine grained granite Hydrogeologists classify these aquifers based on two main qualities, the porosity or free space between particles in the aquifer, and permeability. d) piece of wood c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule After sufficient time is allowed for the pores to become saturated (the water volume in the container stops changing), the volume in the beaker is recorded as 108 ml. c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation 27 febrero, 2023 . d) channel of a braided river b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. a) an oil seep a) mid-ocean ridges Groundwater is used for drinking water by more than 50 percent of the people in the United States, including almost everyone who lives in rural areas. A. a) waterfalls d) Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). c) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted a) stills b) compaction Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. b) magnetism In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. 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Updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn ( a Unconsolidated... Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free,... The example above, 1 m 3 of soil ( e.g water takes are factors hydraulic! The example above, 1 m 3 of soil ( e.g friction and topography... Takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity following parts of the following parts of the land?... Activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming combinations that make for the best groundwater reservoir a!
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