As those mines were playing out by the end of the 19th century, these men were among investors and industrialists who focused new interest on the largely untapped coal resources of West Virginia. Served as Colonial Governor of Virginia 1635-1637. Following are the traditional Archaic sub-periods; Early (80006000 BC), Middle (60004000 BC), and Late (40001000 BC). Kanawha salt production followed by coal and timber could be seen on the waterways. The revised constitution was adopted on March 26, 1863, and on April 20, 1863, President Lincoln issued a proclamation admitting the state at the end of 60 days, on June 20, 1863. settlement of Quakers in another vicinity, viz: the Perkinses, In addition to differences over the abolition of slavery, he and allies felt the Virginia government ignored and refused to spend funds on needed internal improvements in the west, such as turnpikes and railroads.[15]. that so many names of the early settlers of any region can be In Lt. The first native settlers in southern West Virginia were the Mound Builders, also known as the Adena people. first settlers, yet the full names he is able to give, or does The Wildlife and Fish Commission was created in 1921. [5] Little is known about the housing of Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods, but Woodland Indians lived in wigwams. Farming to them was not only a means of earning a living, but also a way of life" a way of living.. The opening statement on the Early Land Grant page, is from the 1738 but was not organized until 1743, Grant to John Smith, 420 Paul H. Rakes, "West Virginia Coal Mine Fatalities: The Subculture of Danger and a Statistical Overview of the Pre-enforcement Era,", Rob Silvester, West Virginia State Wildlife Center: A Century of Conservation and Education, WVDNR, 2010, Pamela Edwards, "West Virginia Women in World War II: The Role of Gender, Class, and Race in Shaping Wartime Volunteer Efforts,", Sam F. Stack, Jr., "Implementing 'Brown' V. 'Board Of Education' In West Virginia: The 'Southern School News' Reports,", Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 18291830, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union. Beginning in Reconstruction, and for several decades thereafter, the two states disputed the new state's share of the pre-war Virginia government's debt, which had mostly been incurred to finance public infrastructure improvements, such as canals, roads, and railroads under the Virginia Board of Public Works. Taken from "The Proceedings - of the English Colony in Virginia since their First beginning form England in the Year of Our . By 2000, the state's improved economy seemed to be contributing to a reversal of nearly four decades of population losses. Its composition was just as irregular. The first settlers of the area destined to become Wood County located along the Ohio, Little Kanawha and Hughes Rivers. patent or grant of land west of the Blue Ridge was made to Jost only sixteen year old to be a competent surveyor, but more During the period 1870 to 1920 most of the old-growth forest was logged. Institution. 1734, Grant to William Jasper, 62 give, are as follows: There were Stoll, Steven. acres purchased by the said Jost Hire from Isaac and John Van Morgan ap Morgan, a Welshman, built a cabin near present-day Bunker Hill in Berkeley County in 1727. The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of cession and in 1866 brought suit against West Virginia asking the court to declare the two counties a part of Virginia. The first settlement in what became known as the Virginia Colony was Jamestown, which was founded in 1607. Branson, 1370 1726 - German settlers build the settlement of New Mecklenburg. acres, dated October 3, 1734, Grant to Stephen They acquired large tracts of land in the area, and Page began the Deepwater Railway, a short-line railroad which was chartered to stretch between the C&O at its line along the Kanawha River and the N&W at Matoaka, a distance of about 80 miles (130km). Social conditions in western Virginia were entirely unlike those in the eastern portion of the state. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Robert Worthington, [50] 711 of the state's citizens died during the war. The legislature of the Restored Government was composed of members from the western counties who had been elected on May 23, 1861, and some senators who had been elected in 1859. Though England eventually defeated the French, warfare would continue to be a part of life for the early West Virginia settlers, as Indian conflicts continued into the American War of Independence, the last battle of which was fought at Fort Henry in 1782, in present day Wheeling, West Virginia. The governor, lieutenant-governor, the judiciary, sheriffs, and other county officers were to be elected by public vote. John Van Metre, an Indian trader, penetrated into the northern portion of West Virginia in 1725. It In addition, the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 18291830 gave the slave-owning counties the benefit of three-fifths of their slave population in apportioning representation in the Virginia Assembly. During the American Civil War, West Virginia suffered comparatively little. Representation in the house of delegates was apportioned on the basis of the census of 1850, counting whites only. he made such surveys, viz: From Norris They found it largely unoccupied, apart from Tuscaroras who had lately moved into the area around Martinsburg, WV, some Shawnee villages in the region around Moorefield, WV and Winchester, VA, and frequent passing bands of "Northern Indians" (Lenape from New Jersey) and "Southern Indians" (Catawba from South Carolina) who were engaged in a bitter long-distance war, using the Valley as a battleground. is not now our purpose to continue here this discussion, but to The Virginia Colony became the wealthiest and most populated British colony in North America. They lived in round (double post method) wicker sided and bark sheet roofed houses. deeds recorded to Stephen Hunsonbeller. Coal Expansion and Mine Wars (1883 to 1922), Cold War (1946 to 1990) - Decline of Coal, West Virginia and Regional History Center. There, city founder Collis P. Huntington also developed what would become the largest shipbuilder in the world, Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. In this In combination, all of the records collected here will help you put the lives of your early West Virginia ancestors in historical context. a large number of other grants to others, "designed to be George Washington to Frederick County to survey lands for him, "A Reappraisal of Statehood Politics in West Virginia". above brings us down to about 1750. In October 1748, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act establishing a ferry across the Potomac River from the landing of Evan Watkin near the mouth of Conococheague Creek in present-day Berkeley County to the property of Edmund Wade in Maryland. Arthur Laidley, elected to the General Assembly from Cabell County, attended the June Convention but refused to take part. acres, 12 November 1735. At the Constitutional Convention on December 14, 1861, the issue of slavery was raised by Rev. The question of the addition of two counties came before the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Virginia v. West Virginia, 78 U.S. 39 (1871). acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Samuel Taylor, 200 After the failure of the Roanoke colonies, investors in the Virginia Company of London were anxious to find profit farther to the north, and in April 1607 three ships of settlers arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. Via the New, Kanawha and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 1,656 square miles (4,290 km2). In 1671, General Abraham Wood, at the direction of Royal Governor William Berkeley of the Virginia Colony, sent the party of Thomas Batts and Robert Fallum into the West Virginia area. West Virginia University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Slaves under the age of 12 years were not taxed and slaves over that age were taxed at only $300, a fraction of their true value. Lewis Starry, Robt. The commission established the French Creek Game Farm in 1923. "Charles Ambler's Sectionalism in Virginia: An Appreciation,". Philip Doddridge of Brooke County championed the cause of western Virginians who sought a more democratic frame of government. This push, however, would soon provoke conflict, both with Native Americans already living in the area and with the French who also believed they held claim to the land. acres. 15, page 276. During the late 19th and early 20th century, West Virginia saw its population grow, due in large part to the economic job opportunities provided by the coal and logging industries. Hampshire and Hardy were included in Many ancient earthen mounds constructed by various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. The June 1861 convention consisted of 104 members, 35 of which were members of the General Assembly in Richmond, some elected in the May 23 vote, and some hold-over State Senators. He explains as industry developed in the region, the people of West Virginia saw a need for wildlife conservation. Ambler, Charles H. "If it required a military force to hold an election, if Cabell County, which borders on the Ohio River, had to have a military force to hold an election there; if Boone had to have a military force to hold an election at two points; if a detachment went up and held an election there, and got into a corner of Raleigh and held an election there, with what difficulty are the counties represented?" "'This Bastard New Virginia': Slavery, West Virginia Exceptionalism, and the Secession Crisis,". The low vote turnout for the statehood referendum was due to many factors. The vote was further compromised by the presence of an undetermined number of non-resident soldier votes.[36]. Trading posts were established at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers at Point Pleasant, West Virginia where, in the mid 1780s, Daniel Boone resided for several years. Notwithstanding the competitive fears of the C&O and N&W, soon all three railroads were shipping ever-increasing volumes of coal to export from Hampton Roads. the West Virginia Historical Society and there may be more. In 1872, under the leadership of Samuel Price, former Lt. Meter. [6] They were farmers who cultivated large fields around their villages, concentrating on corn, beans, tubers, sunflowers, gourds and many types of squash including the pumpkin. FamilySearch makes every effort to enable access dependent on decisions of record custodians and applicable laws. ], This page was last updated Tuesday, 16-Jun-2015 10:52:10 EDT. The area that comprises West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony (16071776) and the western part of the U.S. state of Virginia (17761863). The Senate representation was arbitrarily fixed at 50 seats, with the west receiving twenty, and the east thirty senators. Arrived in Jamestown in 1608, Served in House of Burgesses for Elizabeth City County. Likewise, St. Albans, West Virginia, at the confluence of the Kanawha and Coal Rivers, became a point of trade. Magazine, Quarterly, January 1903, Vol. The grant eventually came into the possession of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron and in 1746 a stone was erected at the source of the North Branch Potomac River to mark the western limit of the grant. [23] The other delegates to the June Convention were "chosen even more irregularly-some in mass meetings, others by county committee, and still others were seemingly self-appointed". time. The Late Prehistoric (c. AD 9501650) phases of the Fort Ancient Tradition include Feurt Phase, Blennerhassett Phase, Bluestone Phase, Clover Complex followed by the Orchard Phase (c. AD 15501650) with a Late Proto-historic arrival of a Lizard Cult from the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. The first native settlers in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands (Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Mineral, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, and Tucker counties) were the Mound Builders, also known as the Adena people. The addition of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution caused a reaction, the Democratic Party secured control in 1870, and in 1871, the Constitutional Amendment of 1866 was abrogated. With Page as its first president, and largely financed from Rogers' personal fortune, and the two railroads were merged in 1907 to form the Virginian Railway (VGN). [46], Mike Shingleton of the Division of Natural Resources explained the Centennial Golden Trout evolution. Coal transloading facilities were developed at several points, notably Toledo, Ohio. Waddell, in his Annals of Augusta County, Virginia, from 1726 to 1871 provides a list of the first few families that made up the first influx of settlers seeking in early Orange and Augusta County, Virginia. Also within the region is the Laurentian Archaic Tradition, which includes Brewerton Phase, Feeley Phase, Dunlop Phase, McKibben Phase, Genesee Phase, Stringtown/Satchel Phase, Satchel Phase and Lamoka/Dustin Phase. Meanwhile, officers for the new state were chosen, and Governor Pierpont moved the Restored Government to Alexandria from which he asserted jurisdiction over the counties of Virginia within the federal lines. McCormick, Samuel Walker, Chas. county to be called Orange, being part of the forty thousand Chester, They were adopted into the Seneca as a reward and settled in Randolph County, calling themselves the Blackfoot Senecas, though a great many Saponi stayed behind and were later incorporated into the Iroquois by other means. [20] In secessionist counties where a poll was conducted it was by military intervention. The "capital" of the Pocahontas coalfield, this city would remain the largest city in the southern portion of the state for several decades. Many would join other tribes and remove to the midwest regions as settlers arrived in the state. [9] The two ferry crossings became the earliest locations of government authorized civilian commercial crafts on what would become a part of the West Virginia Waterways. It is rare that so many names of the early settlers of any region can be gotten at this day. August 1734, Grant to Rus Smith, 150 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Morgan Bryant, 1250 This fort would become Middle Plantation and later Williamsburg, Virginia. Their descendants, who were legion, This screen shows the complete catalog entry of the title you selected. Mine accidents were considered inevitable, and mine safety did not appreciably improve the situation because of lax enforcement. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to George Williams, 489 The Proclamation of 1763 again confirmed all land beyond the Alleghenies as Indian Territory, but the Iroquois finally relinquished their claims south of the Ohio to Britain at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. The opening statement on the Early Land Grant page, is from the It shares a sister city with the same name, Bluefield, in Virginia. Historical Magazine. Early historic tribes living within or routinely hunting and trading within the state include Calicuas later mixed in colonial north-western Virginia-Pennsylvania at the time as popular termed Cherokee, Mohetans, Rickohockans from ancient Nation du Chat area, Monetons and Monecaga or Monacan, Tomahitans or Yuchi-Occaneechi, Tuscarora or mixed broad termed Mingoe & Canawagh or Kanawhas (Chiroenhaka),[8] Oniasantkeronons or Tramontane of the proto-historic southerly Neutral Nation trade empire (element Nation du Chat), Shattera or Tutelo, Ouabano or Mohican-Delaware, Chaouanon or Shawnee, Cheskepe or Shawnee-Yuchi, Loupe (Captina Island historic mix, Lanape & Powhatan), Tionontatacaga and Little Mingoe (Guyandottes), Massawomeck and later mixed as Mohawk, Susquesahanock or White Minqua later mixed Mingoes and Arrigahaga or Black Minqua of the Nation du Chat and proto-historic Neutral Nation trade empire. acres. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. with Indians, with few of the conveniences of civilization, Paleo-Indian culture appears by 10,500 BC in West Virginia passing along the major river valleys and ridge-line gap watersheds. Former West Virginia Governor William A. MacCorkle described him as a man who knew the land "as a farmer knows a field." [16][17] Almost immediately after the adoption of the ordinance, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended that each county in northwestern Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. County Voters, Property Surveyed by George Washington were all AHGP The American History and Genealogy Project. [33] Soldiers were also stationed at the polls to discourage secessionists and their supporters. organized: We have endeavored to not repeat the names either on the grants Lewis Stephens. Enjoy the work of our webmasters, provide a link, do not copy their work. The first permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory was the New Englander's town of Marietta, established in 1788. It is known that in 1732, that Jost Hite with Great Grandfather of Pres. Since the mid-20th century, West Virginia has experienced population declines due in large part to its citizens leaving for opportunities elsewhere. Yet the soil was rich, and some beautiful hillside farms developed during the days when Western Virginia was being settled and later, after West Virginia had become a state. Middle-class women made up the majority of volunteers; many programs were not open to African American and lower-class white women. James McGregor "The Disruption of Virginia", pg. West Virginia was one of five Civil War border states. President Lincoln was in a close campaign when he won reelection in 1864 with the majority of the popular vote and 212 electoral votes, versus 21 electoral votes cast for his Democratic opponent. [Source: Sketches of Wood County: Its Early History; as embraced in and connected with other Counties of West Virginia. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Israel Frond, 300 Although WEST VIRGINIA is used on this webpage for convenience, Hollingsworth, 472 acres, dated October 3, 1734, Grant to John Welton, 442 Gordon Battelle, an Ohio native who sought to introduce a resolution for gradual emancipation. Salt mining had been underway since the 18th century, though that which could be easily obtained had largely played out by the time of the American Civil War, when the red salt of Kanawha County was a valued commodity of first Confederate, and later Union forces. certain conditions therein expressed, which orders were made the Members of the Carpenter family were among the first white people to settle in what is now central West Virginia, and their descendants populate a wide area today. Served in House of Burgesses in 1653-1658, father of Robert "King" Carter, acting Governor of Virginia 1726-1727. 3000 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Morgan Morgan, 1000 It will be noticed that there were deeds The convention passed an act for the reorganization of the government on June 19, 1861. West Virginia's nickname is known as the "Mountain State" due to its landscape being largely covered by the Appalachian Mountains. By 1739, Thomas Shepherd had constructed a flour mill powered by water from the Town Run or the Falling Springs Branch of the Potomac River in present-day Shepherdstown. Why, when Mr. Battelle submitted his resolutions, a kind of tremor a holy horror, was visible throughout the house! acres, on Turkey Spring of Opeckon, dated October 3, Also are the Buffalo Phase, Transitional Archaic Phase, Transitional Period Culture and Central Ohio Valley Archaic Phase. General George B. McClellan's forces gained possession of the greater part of the territory in the summer of 1861. "Crisis Politics in West Virginia, 18611870," in Richard O. Curry ed., Engle, Stephen D. "Mountaineer Reconstruction: Blacks in the Political Reconstruction of West Virginia,", Fredette, Allison. In 1630, under the governorship of John Harvey, the first settlement on the York River was founded. Many such early settlers in Virginia were called Second Sons. 3, No. part of the forty thousand acres purchased by Jost Hite from The settlers listed below were all considered very important to the establishment of government and were significant in the historical impact on Colonial Virginia: The following persons were among the prominent first families that immigrated to Colonial Virginia in the 1600's-early 1700's: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Virginia, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108283.html, https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Early_Settlers_of_Colonial_Virginia, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1693, 1696, 1699, and one of the committee in 1700 reporting a revision of the laws which were approved by the General Assembly in 1705, Served as Colonial Governor of Virginia 1768-1770, Was a fur trader and served in the House of Burgesses. 20 Aug. 1734, see Grant Book No. An application for admission to the Union was made to Congress. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Thos. Industrialization in West Virginia produced conditions conducive to an organized labor . The Adena provided the greatest cultural influence in the state. To get the best possible experience using our website we recommend that you upgrade to a newer version or install another browser. On April 17, 1861, the Richmond convention voted on the Ordinance of Secession. The issue was finally settled in 1915, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that West Virginia owed Virginia $12,393,929.50. ISBN: 1579442528 Series: Family tree maker's family archives. A number of riverside locations were used for early Industrial Revolution production. Many men absent in the Confederate army when the vote was taken refused to acknowledge the transfer upon their return. of early settlements and land grants in West Virginia by W. S. Youll find a list of all Revolutionary War soldiers who ever lived in West Virginia and an index to civilians who participated in the War effort. The rugged nature of the country made slavery unprofitable, and time only increased the social, political, economic, and cultural differences .mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}(see Tuckahoe-Cohee) between the two sections of Virginia. On July 13, 1709, Louis Michel, George Ritter, and Baron Christoph von Graffenried petitioned the King of England for a land grant in the Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown area, Jefferson County, in order to establish a Swiss colony. As coal mining and related work became a major employment activities in the state, there was considerable labor strife as working conditions and safety issues, as well as economic ones arose. Join the community of family history enthusiasts and FamilySearch employees to ask questions and discuss potential product enhancements. Some FamilySearch centers and affiliate libraries maintain collections of previously loaned microfilms or microfiche. By S.C. Shaw, 1878.] [40], The new state benefited from development of its mineral resources more than any other single economic activity after Reconstruction. Descendancy for John Hurst: Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties recorded in Orange in 1743 and 1744, and Fredrick Co. was [13], The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, the Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to western Virginians. From the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the three ships sailed. Instead of giving up, Page (and Rogers) secretly planned and had surveyed a route to provide a new, third major railroad, all the way to new coal pier facilities at Sewell's Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads, fully 440 miles (710km) away from the railhead on the Kanawha River. Served as Acting Gov., Secretary of State and Attorney General, Served as Attorney General, High Sheriff and Col. of the Militia, served in House of Burgesses and was Sheriff in Stafford County. Morgan Morgan. of Militia in Accomack County, a contemporary of. Within 10 years, the C&O was building tracks east from Richmond down the Virginia Peninsula to reach its huge coal pier at the new city of Newport News, Virginia on the large harbor of Hampton Roads. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Benjamin Harden, l In 1774, the Crown Governor of Virginia, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, led a force over the mountains, and a body of militia under Colonel Andrew Lewis dealt the Shawnee Indians under Cornstalk a crushing blow at the junction of the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, in the Battle of Point Pleasant. Generally, catalog entries are written in the same language as the original record they describe. A long The instrument was ratified on April 11, 1862, with 18,162 votes for and 514 against. This database is comprised of fourteen books. Skip ahead a few decades until after the Civil War. Noe, Kenneth W. "Exterminating Savages: The Union Army and Mountain Guerrillas in Southern West Virginia, 18611865." Among the numerous investors were Charles Pratt and New York City mayor Abram S. Hewitt, whose father-in-law, Peter Cooper, had been a key man in earlier development of the anthracite coal regions centered in eastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey. The Film/Digital Notes contain a description of the microfilm or microfiche numbers. Small farmers, however, had all their assets, animals, and land taxed at full value. Mr. Carskadon confirmed this and added that only 39 were the votes of citizens of the state." Hite was for one thousand and twenty acres (1,020). In 2011, West Virginia state delegate Larry Kump sponsored legislation to allow Morgan, Berkeley, and Jefferson counties to rejoin Virginia by popular vote. Then, in the late 1700s and early 1800s, more land started to be cleared to build early forts and then towns as more settlers arrived. Grant to Robert McKay, jr., Locals forced him to take refuge in the Armory firehouse, later called "John Brown's Fort"; a unit of U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee stormed the firehouse and took Brown prisoner, almost killing him. Some 700,000 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank and east Jerusalem. First colonial governor of Albemarle Sound settlement in the Province of Carolina and a participant in Bacon's Rebellion. Meanwhile, Congress on March 10, 1866, passed a joint resolution recognizing the transfer. As a result, both English and French built forts throughout West Virginia and Pennsylvania and this area would become the main battlefields of the French and Indian War. (Erik Marmor/Flash90) On Monday, Elan Ganeles, 27, was shot to death while driving near the . 1748 - George Washington surveyed land in West Virginia. History of Lower Valley, while he does not admit they are the Appointed Lt. Updated: Feb 27, 2023 / 11:55 PM CST. Contemporaneously to Fort Ancient Tradition southerly of the state, the sister culture called Monongahela is found on the northerly of the Mountain State stemming from the Drew Tradition. The recorded History of Virginia began with settlement of the geographic region now known as the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States, previously settled thousands of years ago by Native Americans. Lieutenant-Governor, in council, to take up the same upon A horse-drawn logging "tram" with a special block and tackle for hill-side harvesting was brought into use, allowing expansion of Crooked Creek and the opening of a wooden barrel plant at the creek's mouth. Elizabeth Cometti, and Festus P. Summers. Votes from the secessionist counties in the October 24 vote on statehood were mostly cast by refugees in the area around Wheeling, not in the counties themselves. Disputes about the exact location of the border in some of the northern mountain reaches between Loudoun County, Virginia and Jefferson County, West Virginia continued well into the 20th century. Early Land Grants and Settlers of West Virginia Some history of early settlements and land grants in West Virginia by W. S. Laidly, Esq., who has devoted much study to the subject. In spite of sexism, racism, and class distinctions that women faced in volunteering, thousands responded to the national war effort. In 1661, King Charles II of England had granted a company of gentleman the land between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, known as the Northern Neck. Frustrated by bad economic conditions and what they perceive to be neglect from the Charleston government, this movement has gained at least some momentum. Counties in the east and south were settled mostly by eastern Virginians. Of previously loaned microfilms or microfiche in spite of sexism, racism, mine! 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