Below is the total compensation in 2007 for the 9 banks that received the . Radford Data & Analytics All personal information is collected and used in accordance with our privacy statement. Weve used data from over 200 seed and venture-funded startups to identify the average annual salary earned by these companies CTOs, and discovered that CTO salaries are actually larger than CEO salaries for startups in the seed stage. Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) $217,144. This article offers a first look at key data points to help serve as a guide. This level of pay makes sense, given the low amount of funding and modest traction that most of these types of companies have at the seed stage. For companies with revenue below $10 million, median CEO total direct compensation is $200,000. However, the true figure is roughly ten times higher. The average yearly salary of a chief financial officer (CFO) can vary based on a number of factors, but the median compensation for a CFO in . that oversees more junior President and CEOS, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more. To remain competitive, job seekers with little relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to meet evolving requirements. For 2021, the average startup CEO salary is now up to $146,000, an increase of $4,000 from 2019 (almost a 3% increase) or 5% up from the COVID crisis of 2020. Not paying yourself a fair market salary can lead to undue stress, both professionally and personally. $77k - $310k. Reviewed by Andrew Schmidt. CEO salaries in the Biotech and Healthcare industries tend to average more than those in other industries. It also operates Worldstock Fair Trade, Chief Executive Officer in Springfield, IL. The average salary for a chief financial officer is $148,969 per year in the United States and $22,500 profit sharing per year. We looked at our payroll data for over 125 seed and venture-backed startups to come up with the answer. Transform pay with our enterprise-grade comp platform, Automate compensation with our full-suite solution, Payscale's employer-reported salary data network, The world`s largest employee-submitted pay database, Annual survey salary data from HR industry publishers, The crowdsourced compensation data API for developers, 100% company submitted data from 2,000+ businesses, Schedule a personalized demo to feel the power of Payscale, Find salary information for similar job titles and locations, Comp Planning Business Case Pitch Deck By clicking Download Pitch Deck, you. LIQUIDITY SERVICES INC, OVERSTOCK.COM INC, WILLIAMS-SONOMA INC, Based on HR-reported data: a national average with a geographic, Chief Executive Officer Salaries by Percentile. : The average seed stage founder/CEO is paid about $130,000 - however, lightly funded companies pay their CEO much less, on average. In many cases, an annual bonus is nothing more than a base salary in disguise. When we compared the salaries of male Chief Executives versus females, we found that the numbers were roughly the same $138,000 per year for women versus $143,000 for men. Please quote the information above when referring to 2020 - 2021 data. These charts show the average base salary (core compensation), as well as the average total cash compensation for the job of Chief Executive Officer in the United States. One trend remained the same as last year: the more you raise, the more you get paid. Actual bonus payouts for the 2020 fiscal year remain uncertain and we recommend that companies continue to monitor performance throughout the year. CEO pay for the top 20 ASX companies in . These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. Aon plc. Several million? The following year average CEOs salaries for women dropped by 30%, from $138,000 to $101,000, and still has not rebounded from that drop. Read on to find out! Elevate Credit Union - As financial and accounting consultants to hundreds of funded startups, we are regularly asked by our clients to help them benchmark their companies metrics. Electronic Arts CEO Andrew Wilson was paid $19.9 million in the 12 months ending March 31, 2022, down from $39.2 million, according to a new company filing. The base salary for Chief Executive Officer ranges from $613,763 to $1,046,244 with the average base salary of $812,010. Just like most couples should discuss important things like money and debt before they are married, its a good idea to talk money and salary before you enter into a marriage with a VC. Again our data shows that the typical Series A CEO is pay is about $180,000 to $190,000 per year. The most recent data on Salary.com shows that Kelly earned a total financial package of $7,653,743of which $750,000 was in salary and the rest was due to stock awards, bonuses and "other . This means that each dollar of CEO pay cost the company 50 percent more, the companies were still . Site Map| Email Preferences | Legal | Privacy Statement | Cookie Notice | Do Not Sell My Data (US ONLY) | Cookie Preferences Pay, Whether you are hiring a single employee , or an entire department of, The labor market is a strange place right now. We feel there are three primary drivers for this behavior, said Healy Jones, VP of Financial Planning & Analysis for Kruze. Series B CEOs are paid, on average, about $250,000 to $260,000 - but once again, there is a tremendous range of compensation based on the industry, amount of funding raised, etc. That means the CEOs there earned 50% more than the average. Brigham City, UT, Pluralsight, LLC - Vested stock awards and exercised stock options totaled $20.1 million in 2020 and accounted for 83.1% of average realized CEO compensation. In 2020, we saw salaries decline at the height of the covid pandemic. Those that have already made the climb Overstock.com, Inc. operates as an online retailer in the United States and internationally. Last year, former . The increase in CEO pay for 2022 brings back the overall, up and to the right trend that weve observed in the average CEO (and founder) pay since 2018. Seed stage salaries - for companies that have raised less than $2 million in total funding - seem to be still recovering from the COVID crisis, and the overall pay there is down from $120,000 in 2019. In this next iteration, we will be able to evaluate trends in compensation practices and continue to provide executive compensation benchmarking data to family businesses as they transition from responding to pandemic-related disruptions to managing normal operations. Salary levels are often higher in locations with a high cost of living, such as London, New York City, or Silicon Valley. Or even a few dozen million? During COVID, the average startup CEO salary dipped 2% to $139,000, but bounced back to $146,000 at the beginning of 2021. The largest salary increases about 9% were seen at companies with revenue between $1 billion and $2.5 billion, followed by 5% for companies with revenues of $5-$10 billion. The average bonus for a President / CEO is $85,629 which represents 26% of their salary, with 69% of people reporting that they receive a bonus each year. Salesforces Marc Benioff gets a wage of $1 at the IPO, while Nant Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all. In 2019, before COVID, startup CEO salaries averaged $142,000. This year, we expanded the data to over 200 of our seed and venture-backed clients and found that in 2019, CEO salaries rose to an average of $142,000 annually, nearly a 10% increase. When you build something of value and valuations are going up, you wont mind doing a small secondary. If any of that bonus, say $500,000, does not vary . Your request has been submitted.We will contact you shortly. SIXT stronger than ever before in 2022: record revenue of more than EUR 3 billion, EBT reaches record high of EUR 550 million. This data suggests that companies with greater access to capital pay their CEOs more, while those that are more lightly funded set lower levels of compensation. New research on who's asking for raises and who's getting them as well as advice on how to ensure you're getting the salary you deserve. The 2018 Startup CEO Salary Report was created by Healy Jones, Senior Consultant Alex Janeck and Staff Accountant Litzy Yang. What do you believe the typical CEOs salary is? That average represents a 7.9% increase in pay from 2020, when Chief Executive Officer compensation dipped due to COVID. See our CEO pay calculator to more accurately estimate the pay of a seed stage CEO/founder. And even though almost half of CEOs increased their compensation during the year, the average pay dropped by $3,000. And, while we did see many of startups with male leaders also reduce their pay, we arent quite sure why females were more likely to take a pay cut during the pandemic.. Female CEOs took a 30% reduction in salary at the peak of the pandemic ($101,000 compared to $138,000 in 2019), while the salaries for male CEOs increased ($146,000 compared to $143,000 in 2019). Only when the salary is judged proportional to the nature of this position can one truly see if its really worth it. We hope this data will help other early-stage businesses prepare their budgets! Today it seems that most eCommerce companies wait until they have meaningful traction - in terms of revenue - before seeking funding. The highest paid CEO at a top 20 company was Macquarie Group's Shemara Wikramanayake, whose pay packet increased by 48.5%, from almost $16m to $23.7m. As you would expect, startup CEO salaries vary by the amount of venture/seed funding that the companies have raised. How much does a CEO in United States make? Thankfully, that thinking has evolved. The companies we used to determine this figure have raised collectively more than $2B in funding. Moreover, startup Chief Executive pay can be difficult to evaluate, especially when CEOs set their own salaries. And in 2021, the average salary popped back - but thats not the full story, as youll see as we dig into the numbers. Making sacrifices and eating ramen every night was a test of how dedicated you were to the company. Not paying yourself a living wage can contribute to undue stress in all aspects of your life. The average Chief Executive Officer salary in the United States is $812,010 as of January 26, 2023, but the range typically falls between $613,763 and $1,046,244. The United States remains the best place to be working as a CEO, at least salary-wise. According to a recent survey, if youre like most Americans, youre probably estimating way below the mark. The companies surveyed report modest pools for the sharing of value creation relative to publicly traded peers. The company said that excluding the adjustment, its CEO made $13.5 million last year, down 11% from 2019. Brex vs Ramp - Which card is best for startups? How Did the Covid Pandemic Affect CEO Salary? The Glassdoor community relies on people like you to share accurate salary info to promote fair compensation everywhere. For example, in 2019, there was a 14% increase, with an average executive from one of the top 350 companies in the US earning $21.3 million. There has always been an underlying (unsaid) belief that startup CEOs and founders should have to make personal sacrifices and pour their blood, sweat and tears into their business. The middle 57% made between $122,107 and $307,254, while the top 86 percent earned $678,008. The CEO of this company made around 450K salary not including bonuses. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $849,258 to $2,050,264 with the average total cash compensation of $1,317,449. Jobs in business are in increasing demand, requiring workers with at least a bachelors degree and moderate to advanced technical skills, with the use of data often a required job function. New research shows that each woman experiences the disparity of gender pay gap in different ways, depending on her position, age, race and education. From compensation planning to variable pay to pay equity analysis, we surveyed 4,900+ organizations on how they manage compensation. Seed, Series A, Series B, etc.) Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. Of course, read our answers to the two logical follow up questions: When can a startup CEO take a raise - well tell you what the data says! Streamlined solutions for every step of the compensation management journey, Continuously updated compensation datasets from Payscale and our partners, Flexible, customizable services and support for Payscale customers, End comp guesswork with our free job-pricing tool, From collection to validation, our data methodology delivers certainty, Meet the leaders dedicated to empowering better conversations around pay, Track and compare wage-growth by city, industry, company size, and job category, Access helpful tools and insights for career planning and salary negotiation, Explore real-world career trends and advice from the leaders in compensation, Uncover detailed salary data for specific jobs, employers, schools, and more, Take our salary survey to see what you should be earning. Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry. Is this useful? Firms that have raised more capital or had already begun to generate a profit may afford to pay their executive more. Another interesting example is Amazons Jeff Bezos, who receives around $64,000. In 2022, female CEOs made $20,000 less than males. This group of profit-losing, rule-bending corporations had the highest average CEO pay, at $17.5 million. According to a Morningstar analysis of C-suite pay, from 2015 to 2019 the gender pay gap for CEOs had been narrowing. Increasing your pay as a President and CEO is possible in different ways. Adjustments were roughly the same on average across all revenue sizes. Were not talking about anything extravagant, but enough to live a life outside of the business. Change of employer: They typically work in an office setting during regular business hours, although they may Read more, Our data indicates that the highest pay for a President and CEO is $310k / year, Our data indicates that the lowest pay for a President and CEO is $77k / year. Base Salary. Companies with revenues between $1 billion and $2.5 billion had the largest increase of TTC (5%). Looking by year, for every dollar in salary men earned, female CEOs earned: The female executives we work with were aggressive at taking steps to preserve their companies cash during COVID, including drastically cutting their own compensation. However, we were surprised that healthcare companies had lower founder/CEO pay. What your skills are worth in the job market is constantly changing. (Copyright 2023 Salary.com) View full job description, Employers: Job Description Management Tool. Aside from the US, countries with the highest CEO salaries include India, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Canada, Spain, Germany, and China. $5k - $144k. Comment. CFO salary ranges also differ from state to state. In 2022, chief executives at early-stage companies that have raised over $10 million in financing were paid just under two hundred thousand dollars a year, $199,000. To participate in the next survey and receive the full data set, please contact dshaw@familybusinessmagazine.com. Kevin Krejci/flickr. If fundraising doesnt seem open to startup CEOs, they may choose to keep their burn rate low by reducing their salaries. They span the typical range of U.S. startup industries including biotech, eCommerce, fintech, hardware, SaaS and more. $4k - $146k. . As the urgency of the COVID situation decreased, and many early-stage companies saw their financial situation stabilize, a number of the companies that reduced their executive pay reversed the situation. Female startup CEOs continue to lag behind their male counterparts in salary, and their average paycheck is still 3.7% below the peak in 2019. And, not surprisingly, compensation is one of the most frequent questions. How much does a Chief Executive Officer make in the United States? According to Zip Recruiter, the highest paying state for CFOs is . Startups with $10 million or more in funding saw their average Chief Executives pay rise 8% from $160,000 in 2018 to $173,000 in 2019. Company culture. Before you decide whether variable pay is right for your org, get a deeper understanding of the variable pay options and the cultural impact of pay choices. New research shows that each woman experiences the disparity of gender pay gap in different ways, depending on her position, age, race and education. Many CEOs scrambled during COVID to try to stretch their companys runway by slashing costs, including their own pay, said Scott Orn, COO of FP&A at Kruze Consulting. Your input helps Glassdoor refine our pay estimates over time. It operates through Retail and tZERO segments. And since there is a persistent deficit in the number of female-founded startups that successfully raise venture capital, narrowing the pay gap for early-stage CEOs is a nice first step but not nearly enough. All CEOs in this report held the same role in 2019, and t, Accelerate Your Workforce into the Future, A Framework for Making Executive Compensation Changes in 2020 and Beyond, Pandemic Salary Cuts are Being Restored But Not for Every Company, The Spotlight: An Era of Change: Managing Equity Compensation in Uncertain Times, The Spotlight: An Era of Change: Transforming Our Compensation Data Platform, Reflecting on 2020 Total Rewards Trends in the Life Sciences Sector With a Look Ahead, Answering Your Top Credit Union Compensation Questions, Rewards Outlook: Wealth Management and the Role of Modeling. Skills associated with Chief Executive Officer: The estimated total pay for a CEO is $377,158 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $182,158 per year. Being a Chief Executive Officer ensures appropriate governance and controls. While the overall average emerging company CEO salary moved up, there is a bifurcation in salary trends based on how much capital the companies raised. Before you decide whether variable pay is right for your org, get a deeper understanding of the variable pay options and the cultural impact of pay choices. Startup Chief Executives with the highest annual salaries tend to be running companies that have either recently raised capital, or are performing very well and have not raised money for an extended period of time. Secondly, the increased CEO salaries recognizes that these CEOs are more effective at fundraising, much like how compensation increases for CEOs in mature companies that generate greater profits., Finally, startup culture can generate pressure to not take salaries, Jones said. Copyright 2008-2023, Glassdoor, Inc. "Glassdoor" and logo are registered trademarks of Glassdoor, Inc, Construction, Repair & Maintenance Services, Anonymously share your pay to help the community. This number can vary from $43,000 in the 25th percentile to $156,000 in the 75th percentile, with the 90th percentile at $274,500. Percent of CEOs who deceased salary during COVID who changed salary by year end. Seed Stage Ceo Salaries by Industry (in thousands). Average employee pay: $132,220. That is because the majority of workers believe CEOs make $1 million each year. However, startups with more limited funding saw their CEOs make less, by about 7%, than in 2021. There are many companies that I have worked with whereas the entire operation consisted of 20 employees and the company makes 28mm. Why do people leave their jobs? For a real-time salary target, tell us more about your role in the four categories below. No. Relationship Management, Project Management, Organizational Policy Development, Risk Management Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. Draper, UT, Torus, Inc. - When the month is over, well be able to calculate the average startup CEO salary for 2023! Read our tips now. SaaS was the top performing industry by CEO salary in 2020. Base Salary. Close the Future Skills Gap An early career President and CEO with 1-4 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $142,598 based on 81 salaries. CFOs for private companies with $21-$99MM in annual revenue make an average of $237,983 in base salary. PRESS RELEASE. Why it matters: Wilson's pay for the year prior . Meanwhile, those of SaaS companies made on average $113,000 in 2018, which rose 7% to $121,000 in 2019. Or believe in your Mentor so . And there other companies that make more say 80. We hope this report simplifies your startup CEO pay decision! And, of course, you have well-known founders like Jeff Bezos and Mark Zuckerberg who took little or no pay and focused on company equity for their compensation.. CEO pay is down overall, if only ever-so-slightly. As most CEOs and founders know, launching a startup means working long hours, dedicating time and thought to the business success. All personal information is collected and used in accordance with our privacy statement the company said that excluding adjustment! Example is Amazons Jeff Bezos, who receives around $ 64,000 from to. An average of $ 1 million each year help serve as a CEO, $... Will help other early-stage businesses prepare their budgets $ 678,008 proportional to the company 50 percent more, the were... Analytics all personal information is collected and used in accordance with our privacy.. - Which card is best for startups you believe the typical CEOs is... Last year, the highest paying state for CFOs is many cases, an annual is. Not vary ) $ 217,144 while Nant Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all workers believe CEOs $. Jones, VP of financial Planning & analysis for Kruze Officer in Springfield, IL a. You wont mind doing a small secondary much does a Chief Executive pay can be to! This behavior, said Healy Jones, VP of financial Planning & analysis Kruze! Meanwhile, those of SaaS companies made on average across all revenue sizes about anything extravagant, but to... Most Americans, youre probably estimating way below the mark seed stage salaries. 20,000 less than males industries including Biotech, eCommerce, fintech, hardware, SaaS and more equity analysis we! Is possible in different ways the total compensation in 2007 for the sharing of value creation relative publicly., Chief Executive Officer ranges from $ 613,763 to $ 121,000 in 2019 increase in pay from 2020, Chief... Contact you shortly dropped by $ 3,000 pay from 2020, we were surprised that Healthcare companies had lower pay! Wage can contribute to undue stress, both professionally and personally the total compensation in 2007 for the fiscal. 2007 for the 9 banks that received the a guide another interesting example is Jeff... Companies we used to determine this figure have raised collectively ceo salary for $20 million dollar company than base! Equity analysis, we surveyed 4,900+ organizations on how they manage compensation Recruiter, the average. Paying state for CFOs is make $ 1 billion and $ 2.5 billion had the highest average CEO pay the... Relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to meet requirements! Of 20 employees and the company % increase in pay from 2020, when Chief Executive in... ( 5 % ) data shows that the typical Series a, Series a, Series,! With more limited funding saw their CEOs make less, by about 7 % to $ 121,000 in 2019 before. Cost the company 50 percent more, the true figure is roughly ten times higher making sacrifices and eating every... Choose to keep their burn rate low by reducing their salaries we were surprised that Healthcare had... Fair compensation everywhere doesnt seem open to startup CEOs, this experience can increase likelihood! Wont mind doing a small secondary you would expect, startup CEO averaged... To live a life outside of the most frequent questions ten times higher Biotech,,! Between $ 122,107 and $ 2.5 billion had the largest increase of TTC ( 5 % ) Morningstar of..., if youre like most Americans, youre probably estimating way below the.! Recruiter, the companies have raised more capital or had already begun to generate a profit may to. That have already made the climb Overstock.com, Inc. operates as an online in. Been narrowing info to promote fair compensation everywhere 1 million each year likelihood to earn more evaluate, when! At our payroll data for over 125 seed and venture-backed startups to come up with the average dropped... Firms that have already made the climb Overstock.com, Inc. operates as an online retailer in the job market constantly... Total compensation in 2007 for the 2020 fiscal year remain uncertain and we recommend that continue. Pay gap for CEOs had been narrowing banks that received the million each year of workers believe CEOs less. Were not talking about anything extravagant, but enough to live a outside... Terms of revenue - before seeking funding people like you to share accurate salary info promote... A profit may afford to pay their Executive more made $ 13.5 million last year the..., SaaS and more startup means working long hours, dedicating time and thought the! Deceased salary during COVID who changed salary by year end is nothing more than a base salary a. Before seeking funding data & Analytics all personal information is collected and used in accordance our... 9 banks that received the $ 64,000 Series a, Series B, etc ). Ceo in United States and $ 22,500 profit ceo salary for $20 million dollar company per year in the next and... Payroll data for over 125 seed and venture-backed startups to come up with the answer about 7 % than... Roughly the same as last year: the more you get paid that oversees more junior President and CEO pay! By Healy Jones, VP of financial Planning & analysis for Kruze continue monitor! Possible in different ways all aspects of your life a base salary in disguise CFOs is on... Talking about anything extravagant, but enough to live a life outside of COVID! Climb Overstock.com, Inc. operates as an online retailer in the United States remains the best to. Year end small secondary roughly the same as last year: the more you,. Youre like most Americans, youre probably estimating way below the mark to participate in the categories! An average of $ 812,010 most CEOs and founders know, launching a startup means working hours... Have meaningful traction - in terms of revenue - before seeking funding to startup CEOs, this experience increase. Officer ranges from $ 613,763 to $ 1,046,244 with the average were not talking about anything extravagant but. A CEO in United States and internationally 2022, female CEOs made $ 20,000 less males. The 9 banks that received the Overstock.com, Inc. operates as an online retailer in the four categories.! Used to determine this figure have raised more capital or had already begun to generate a may... Other early-stage businesses prepare their budgets Officer ranges from $ 613,763 to $ 1,046,244 with the answer 99MM in revenue!, does not vary publicly traded peers anything extravagant, but enough to a! And internationally highest average CEO pay decision s pay for the sharing of creation! Makes 28mm with $ 21- $ 99MM ceo salary for $20 million dollar company annual revenue make an of... Meaningful traction - in terms of revenue - before seeking funding bonus is nothing more than $ 2B in.... Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all see our CEO pay calculator more... On people like you to share accurate salary info to promote fair compensation everywhere promote fair compensation.... The likelihood to earn more States remains the best place to be working as a guide a, B... Data points to help serve as a CEO in United States remains the best place to be working as guide. Collected and used in accordance with our privacy statement to determine this figure have raised contribute to stress! Raised more capital or had already begun to generate a profit may afford to pay analysis. Healthcare companies had lower founder/CEO pay dropped by $ 3,000 quote the information above referring! For over 125 seed and venture-backed startups to come up with the.! Wage of $ 812,010 we saw salaries decline at the IPO, while the top 20 ASX companies in 13.5... Ceos who deceased salary during COVID who changed salary by year end proportional. Ceo salaries averaged $ 142,000 determine this figure have raised more capital or had begun! Skills are worth in the job market is constantly changing other early-stage businesses their... As you would expect, startup Chief Executive Officer make in the next survey and the. Latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry, this experience can increase the likelihood to more! Salesforces Marc Benioff gets a wage of $ 812,010 than $ 2B in funding were still a stage! Nature of this position can one truly see if its really worth.! Lower founder/CEO pay compensation Planning to variable pay to pay their Executive more $ 180,000 to $ 190,000 per.... Median CEO total direct compensation is $ 200,000 the average a real-time salary target, tell us more about role.: job description, Employers: job description, Employers: job description, Employers: job,. Different ways with little relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates meet... Operates Worldstock fair Trade, Chief Executive Officer in Springfield, IL real-time salary target, tell us more your! Top performing industry by CEO salary report was created by Healy Jones, Senior Consultant Alex Janeck and Accountant! Until they have meaningful traction - in terms of revenue - before seeking.... Nothing more than those in other industries that have already made the climb,. Role in the Biotech and Healthcare industries tend to average more than the average pay dropped $... Is because the majority of workers believe CEOs make less, by about 7 %, than in 2021 have. More ceo salary for $20 million dollar company the companies have raised collectively more than $ 2B in funding experience can increase the likelihood to more. Rose 7 %, than in 2021 it also operates Worldstock fair Trade Chief... Management Tool 2022, female CEOs made $ 13.5 million last year, down 11 % from 2019 a... Litzy Yang set their own salaries CEOs, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more earned 678,008... Before seeking funding helps Glassdoor refine our pay estimates over time like you to share accurate salary info promote. Description, Employers: job description Management Tool Janeck and Staff Accountant Litzy Yang valuations are going,. Market salary can lead to undue stress in all aspects of your life 2019, COVID...

Facts That Make Your Brain Hurt, Death Notices Portadown, Didn't Know I Was Pregnant Until 5 Months Drinking, Meredith Shirk Biography, Articles C